| Discussion Strategies is a textbook for teachers who
want to create student-centered lessons where the students, NOT the
teachers, are the ones who are doing most of the talking in English.
Kehe and Kehe have designed a compact intermediate level book that
coaches students in the art of discussion. Students work in pairs,
groups of three, and finally each student is faced with the ultimate
challenge of leading a discussion with a group of six people. In
order to achieve that final goal students are introduced to a wide
variety of discussion strategies such as using rejoinders, soliciting
more details, and interrupting others during a discussion. One of
the strong points of this book is that it offers students multi-skills
activities within small supportive groups, which helps to motivate
students to participate more.
Regarding the content of this book, it has been my experience
that interest levels are easily maintained throughout the year
for two simple reasons: students are able to change partners every
week, and the textbook contains intriguing articles based on real
events and actual research findings that have been reported in
“The Japan Times” and the “Seattle Post-Intelligencer”. Students seem
to be especially interested in reading about the following topics:
why short people live longer, stress, superstitions, smoking, and
getting fat.
Most units start off with a keyword/expression box, which is then
followed by an instruction section, a short article, a factual
question/answer section, and finally a reaction/opinion section.
The activities in this book basically revolve around one person
(Student A, B, or C) reading a short article, while the other two
students occasionally interrupt to ask questions. For example,
in Unit 12 “Is it ever O.K. to tell lies?” student A reads and then
asks six factual questions, which serves as a verbal comprehension
quiz for students B and C. Student B then reads their own unique
article while student A and C listen carefully without taking notes.
During this time, the instructor is free to squeeze their way in
between the groups to monitor their progress and keep track of
the time.
Occasionally, I have to stop the class to remind speakers to have
more eye contact; project their voice; enunciate more; use pauses,
hand, and facial gestures; and the appropriate key phrases of that
unit. Regarding the latter point, some of the more advanced students
have pointed out that they are able to have a discussion without
using the key words and expressions for that chapter. However,
other students have made positive comments about the clearly defined
key words and expressions that are systematically found at the
beginning of the unit. At the end of each unit, Kehe and Kehe have
provided some additional exploratory reaction questions that can
be used to allow students to break away from the textbook and exchange
personal stories and opinions.
At the end of the class, I remind students which unit to do next
for homework and what pages students A, B, and C should do. I have
found that students are generally willing to do their homework
since it is not overly taxing and can be completed in less than
20 minutes. Instructors are not required to prepare any lectures
or handouts; instead most of the instructor’s time will be spent
introducing and reviewing various discussion strategies, organizing
groups, joining discussions briefly, and offering friendly reminders
to students.
Generally speaking, in one 90-minute class, I have just enough
time to take attendance, practice the new phrases, and divide the
students into pairs or groups. In the highly unlikely event that
there is extra time left over, pages 211 to 220 give instructors
additional tips and guidelines regarding extending activities,
suggestions for specific units, and evaluation. Most instructors
will find that the activities in each unit give students ample
opportunities to work on their reading, listening, and speaking
skills. As the class progresses further into the book new strategies
are introduced and earlier ones are reintroduced, which give students
more chances to internalize what they are learning.
Without a doubt, students and teachers will need time to learn
how to navigate through this uniquely designed book with its multiple
sub-sections within units. Over the course of a year, it is rewarding
to see shy students gain more confidence in speaking and the active,
talkative students learn to become better listeners. |